{"id":2583,"date":"2011-04-06T12:29:09","date_gmt":"2011-04-06T11:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/?page_id=2583"},"modified":"2012-04-06T14:30:43","modified_gmt":"2012-04-06T13:30:43","slug":"velikonoce-pomlazka","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/?page_id=2583","title":{"rendered":"Velikonoce (poml\u00e1zka)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zp\u011bt na str\u00e1nku Historie<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

p\u0159evzato z \u010dasopisu \u010cesk\u00fd lid, ro\u010dn\u00edk XXX, l\u00e9ta p\u00e1n\u011b 1930
\nN\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav lidov\u00e9 kultury<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Zdena Hochov\u00e1-Bro\u017e\u00edkov\u00e1:
\n\u201ePomni hody na provody, \u017ee\u0165 js\u00fa svat\u00e9 dni“<\/p>\n

Op\u011bt velikono\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zka! Co je poml\u00e1zka? Od starod\u00e1vna naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tak lid \u010desk\u00fd jarn\u00ed j\u00edvov\u00e9, vrbov\u00e9 a l\u00edskov\u00e9 pruty spleten\u00e9 a vyzdoben\u00e9 \u010derven\u00fdmi, b\u00edl\u00fdmi a modr\u00fdmi stu\u017ekami, na konci s pestr\u00fdmi t\u0159apci, jimi\u017e ho\u0161i v pond\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed \u00bbvyh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed lenost\u00ab je\u0161t\u011b nevyspal\u00fdm d\u011bv\u010dat\u016fm, \u017eebron\u00edce za v\u00fdkupn\u00e9, za malovan\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, kraslice, kter\u00fdm tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, jako v\u016fbec velikono\u010dn\u00edmu d\u00e1rku, \u00bbpoml\u00e1zka\u00ab. Poml\u00e1zkou naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e vymrsk\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed toto a pon\u011bvad\u017e se d\u011bje na pond\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed, jmenuje se i tento den poml\u00e1zkou, jinak tak\u00e9 \u00bb\u010derven\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed\u00ab pr\u00fd od \u010derven\u00fdch, malovan\u00fdch kraslic, nebo tak\u00e9 \u00bbmrskan\u00fd pond\u011blek\u00ab, jak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed na Novobyd\u017eovsku.<\/p>\n

Dnes na venkov\u011b i v m\u011bstech jsou to \u017eertovn\u00e9 z\u00e1bavy ml\u00e1de\u017ee, kdy ho\u0161i \u010dekaj\u00ed na d\u011bv\u010data, aby je \u017eertem, m\u00edrn\u011b neb i doopravdy vy\u0161lehali. Zajd\u011bte si v Praze o Emausk\u00e9 pouti na Karlovo n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee tam utr\u017e\u00edte mrska\u010dkou nevinn\u00fd, \u010dtvera\u010div\u00fd, ale p\u0159ece jen citeln\u00fd velikono\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdprask. Pra\u017ean z doby Rudolfa II. podivil by se setrva\u010dnosti tohoto velikono\u010dn\u00edho oby\u010deje. Ze zku\u0161enosti by v\u011bd\u011bl, jak na za\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed po staropra\u017esk\u00fdch ulic\u00edch a rync\u00edch \u017eiv\u011b pob\u00edhali pok\u0159ikuj\u00edc\u00ed prodava\u010di spleten\u00fdch prut\u016f, okr\u00e1\u0161len\u00fdch pestr\u00fdmi stu\u017ekami, dne\u0161n\u00edch poml\u00e1zek, jak je nap\u0159\u00edklad prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ed pra\u017esk\u00fdmi kostely i po ulic\u00edch Slovenky v malebn\u00e9m sv\u00e9m kroji. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00fd si koupil metlu, jak vypravuje l\u00e9ka\u0159 Vlach Guarinoni roku 1610 v mravok\u00e1rn\u00e9m obrazu staropra\u017esk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed, jak ml\u00e1denci, m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 i \u0161lechtici vy\u0161leh\u00e1vaj\u00ed panny, je\u017e se jim namanou do cesty, loud\u00edce na nich vaj\u00ed\u010dka pest\u0159e malovan\u00e1. To v pond\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed. V \u00fater\u00fd opl\u00e1cely bit\u00ed d\u011bv\u010data ml\u00e1denc\u016fm, pr\u00fd s bujnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se nevrl\u00e9mu mravok\u00e1rci nel\u00edbila. Potom rozproudil se tanec a z\u00e1bava v pra\u017esk\u00fdch kr\u010dm\u00e1ch. Guarinoni rozhorlen \u017ealuje, \u017ee i m\u011b\u0161t\u00ed a zem\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci nev\u00e1haj\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastniti t\u011bchto rozpustil\u00fdch velikono\u010dn\u00edch radov\u00e1nek. (Srv. Z\u00edbrt, Staro\u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdr. oby\u010deje 1889, str. 80.)<\/p>\n

M\u00edsto mrskati \u0159\u00edk\u00e1vali st\u00e1\u0159i \u010cechov\u00e9 pomlazovati, nazna\u010duj\u00edce t\u00edm vzpom\u00ednku na velikono\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zku. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd jesuita Ant. Koni\u00e1\u0161 ve sb\u00edrce p\u00edsn\u00ed Cytara, 1734, str. 562, r\u00fdmuje o tr\u00e1pen\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk\u016f a h\u0159\u00ed\u0161nic v pekle horouc\u00edm. \u010certi zle mu\u010d\u00ed py\u0161n\u00e9 panny, kter\u00e9 m\u00edsto l\u00ed\u010didel um\u00ed sob\u011b \u0161lechtiti tv\u00e1\u0159e a obli\u010dej smolou a s\u00edrou ohnivou. \u00bbTen fraucimor rozmazan\u00fd, s\u00edrou, sm\u016flou se l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, k slu\u017eb\u00e1m sv\u00fdm maj\u00ed k\u00e1l\u00e1ny, je\u017e je poMz\u00ed bi\u010di.\u00ab (??? nen\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, ani jak opravit)<\/p>\n

Vykladlatel\u00e9, jazykozpytci a znalci lidov\u00fdch oby\u010dej\u016f, sna\u017eili se objasniti p\u016fvod od n\u00e1zvu pomlazovati, poml\u00e1zka. U n\u00e1s dokazuje Primus Sobotka (Rostlinstvo, str. 134; V\u00fdklady proston\u00e1rodn\u00ed z oboru jazykozpytu, b\u00e1jeslov\u00ed, str. 97), \u017ee poml\u00e1zka t\u00fdk\u00e1 se omlazen\u00ed jarn\u00edho v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Proutky jsou n\u00e1zorn\u00fdm obrazem, vhodn\u00fdm symbolem oml\u00e1dl\u00e9 jarn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody, kter\u00e1 buj\u00ed ve vrbov\u00e9m atd. ml\u00e1z\u00ed. Jako procitl\u00e1, znovuzrozen\u00e1 a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 projevuje sv\u011b\u017e\u00ed novou s\u00edlu, ob\u010derstvuj\u00edc\u00ed, plodivou. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to o\u017eivl\u00e9 bujn\u00e9 s\u00edly jarn\u00ed z omlazen\u00e9 vrby na bytosti \u017eiv\u00e9 nazna\u010duje se v lidov\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00edm, mrsk\u00e1n\u00edm. Velikono\u010dn\u00ed zvyk tento nen\u00ed v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed jen \u010deskoslovenskou, polskou a v\u016fbec slovanskou, nen\u00ed d\u00e1le jen zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed a pod\u00e1n\u00ed lidu francouzsk\u00e9ho a jihoevropsk\u00e9ho. V\u0161ude, t\u0159eba v podob\u00e1ch ot\u0159el\u00fdch, udr\u017euje se hou\u017eevnat\u011b o sv\u00e1tc\u00edch velikono\u010dn\u00edch, kdy p\u0159\u00edroda vedle n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky Kristova vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed slav\u00ed z\u00e1zrakem jarn\u00edho slunce, v\u00edt\u011bze nad krutou moc\u00ed mraziv\u00e9, ni\u010div\u00e9 zimy, svoje rozj\u00e1san\u00e9 aleluja, \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jas, teplo, vzpruhu, radost v t\u011ble i du\u0161i lidsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

St\u0159edov\u011bc\u00ed theologov\u00e9 vysv\u011btlovali jinak p\u016fvod poml\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n

V lidov\u00fdch v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edch oby\u010dej\u00edch, slavnostech, pov\u011br\u00e1ch spat\u0159ovali jen h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eitky p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch nepravost\u00ed, je\u017e pot\u00edrali, vyhlazovali a p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm pok\u00e1n\u00edm pokutovali. Nej\u010dast\u011bji sna\u017eili se vylo\u017eiti tyto oby\u010deje smyslem k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm. Beleih, (roku 1162) a Durant (r. 1296), po nich Hospinian (ve stolet\u00ed 16.), ve smyslu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m, mravok\u00e1rn\u00e9m, objas\u0148uj\u00ed p\u016fvod poml\u00e1zky souv\u011bk\u00e9, tedy ji\u017e ve stolet\u00ed 12. a 13.: V mnoh\u00fdch kraj\u00edch \u017eeny druh\u00fd sv\u00e1tek velikono\u010dn\u00ed (pond\u011bl\u00ed) \u0161lehaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 mu\u017ee a t\u0159et\u00ed sv\u00e1tek (v \u00fater\u00fd) mrskaj\u00ed mu\u017ei svoje man\u017eelky. Vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se k\u00e1raj\u00ed a sob\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, aby od Hodu bo\u017e\u00edho velikono\u010dn\u00edho do Provodn\u00ed ned\u011ble (prvn\u00ed, B\u00edl\u00e1 po velikonoc\u00edch) \u0161li ke zpov\u011bdi a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a podle \u0159\u00e1du c\u00edrkevn\u00edho t\u0159i dni p\u0159ed t\u00edm a t\u0159i, p\u011bt a\u017e sedm dn\u00ed potom, aby se zdr\u017eeli h\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. (Latinsk\u00e9 texty, Z\u00edbrt, 1. c, str. 79).<\/p>\n

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 tyto v\u00fdklady poml\u00e1zky zdom\u00e1cn\u011bly ve stolet\u00ed 14. tak\u00e9 u n\u00e1s. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edch\u016fdce Hus\u016fv, kazatel N\u011bmec, Konr\u00e1d Waldhauser (zem\u0159el r. 1369) v latinsk\u00e9 \u00bbPostille pra\u017esk\u00fdch student\u016f\u00ab k\u00e1\u017ee na velikonoce, \u017ee svobodn\u00fd, \u017eenat\u00fd, ka\u017ed\u00fd na velikonoce m\u00e1 zachovati mravnost, cudnost. Proto pr\u00fd v pond\u011bl\u00ed a \u00fater\u00fd velikono\u010dn\u00ed man\u017eel\u00e9 si p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed tuto povinnost, p\u0159edepsanou od c\u00edrkve, \u0161lehaj\u00edce se proutky, metlami. P\u0159ivstanou si \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no a \u0161lehaj\u00ed se hned na l\u016f\u017eku. Tento oby\u010dej naz\u00fdv\u00e1 N\u011bmec Waldhauser svou rodnou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed \u00bbS m e c k o s t e r n\u00ab, tedy po n\u011bmecku tak, jako podnes lid n\u011bmeck\u00fd naz\u00fdva poml\u00e1zku, \u00bbSchmeckostern\u00ab, v po\u010de\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u00faprave lidu \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho \u00bb\u0161merkust\u00ab, \u00bb\u0161mek\u016fstr\u00ab, \u00bb\u0161merkouz\u00ab, \u00bb\u0161migrust\u00ab, \u00bbmrzkouz\u00ab a pod. (Doklady tamt\u00e9\u017e, 78). Waldhauser dodal v latinsk\u00e9m skladan\u00ed \u0159\u00edkadlo, kter\u00fdm mu\u017ei i \u017eeny prov\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161leha\u010dku, ve voln\u00e9m \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159eklad\u011b: \u00bbPamatuj, \u017ee je posv\u00e1tn\u00fd \u010das velikono\u010dn\u00ed a neh\u0159e\u0161!\u00ab O tom rozhovo\u0159il se Waldhauiser ob\u0161\u00edrn\u011bji.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm jsme dosp\u011bli k po\u010d\u00e1tku dne\u0161n\u00edch \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch \u0159ikadel, poml\u00e1zek velikono\u010dn\u00edch: Hody, hody, do provody, dejte \u010derven\u00fd vejce; Hody, hody, do sprovody; Hody, hody, o provody. P\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed objev uve\u0159ejnil v Peka\u0159ov\u011b \u010desk\u00e9m \u010casopise Historick\u00e9m, XXIX., str. 174, dr. V. Flaj\u0161hans. Otiskuje tam z Husova velikono\u010dn\u00edho k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed (podle rukopisu N\u00e1rodn\u00edho musea, signatura XIII D 1) Hus\u016fv v\u00fdklad, pro\u010d se mu\u017ei a \u017eeny o velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed a \u00fater\u00fd \u0161lehaj\u00ed. Hus \u010derpal doslova z Waldhauserovy postilly, a\u017e na to (upozor\u0148uje dr. Flaj\u0161hans), \u017ee Waldhauser m\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00fd n\u00e1zev poml\u00e1zky \u00bbSchmeckostern\u00ab a Hus po\u010de\u0161til si latinsk\u00fd text staro\u010deskou poml\u00e1zkou \u00bbPomni hody\u00ab, s latinsk\u00fdm, ji\u017e uveden\u00fdm v\u00fdkladem o \u00fa\u010delu t\u00e9to \u0161leha\u010dky velikono\u010dn\u00ed. Jinde zrovna tak toto n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Waldhauserovo \u00bbSchmeckostern\u00ab p\u0159elo\u017eil \u010desk\u00fdm (cel\u00fdm, souvisl\u00fdm) pop\u011bvkem (poml\u00e1zkov\u00fdm) \u00bbPomni hody na provody, \u017ee\u0165 s\u00fa svat\u00e9 dni\u00ab (J. Jire\u010dek, \u010cas. \u010c. Mus. 1861, 271; 1879, 53). Srv. \u010cesk\u00fd Lid XXVI, str. 286. Podobn\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed \u0159\u00edkadla a p\u00edsn\u011b, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch \u0161lehaj\u00ed, \u00bbdynuj\u00ed\u00ab o poml\u00e1zce v Podkrkono\u0161\u00ed, \u00bbdynuj\u00ed\u00ab ho\u0161i a \u00bblituj\u00ed\u00ab \u010fou\u010data u \u010cech\u016f kladsk\u00fdch, mrskaj\u00ed a \u00bbhoduj\u00ed\u00ab v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Morav\u011b, \u00bbky\u010dkuj\u00ed\u00ab ve Slezsku, \u00bbml\u00e1denkuj\u00ed\u00ab ml\u00e1denci na Slovensku.<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 odm\u00edtlo z n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu o \u0161leha\u010dce velikono\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed d\u016fvod, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed zdr\u017eelivost od h\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, a nav\u00e1zal hned souvislost s d\u00e1rkem vypoml\u00e1zkovan\u00fdm, se symbolem, plodistv\u00e9 s\u00edly jarn\u00ed se z\u00e1rodkem \u017eivota p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho, s vejcem, s kraslicemi. Srv. Jos. Soukup O kraslic\u00edch, \u010cesk\u00fd Lid V, 67 ad. Za\u010d\u00e1tek Husovy poml\u00e1zky \u00bbPomni hody na pro-vody\u00ab ze 14. stolet\u00ed ku podivu hou\u017eevnat\u011b se udr\u017euje v lidov\u00fdch poml\u00e1zk\u00e1ch \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch podnes, Ov\u0161em poml\u00e1zka Husova byla je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobena c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tendenci st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 o zdr\u017eelivosti, \u017ee jsou velikonoce svat\u00e9 dni.<\/p>\n

A tak tedy a\u017e letos zase zanotuj\u00ed v p\u0159eds\u00edni d\u011bti i la\u0161kovn\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed v pond\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b, \u0161lehaj\u00edce proutky dom\u00e1c\u00ed, d\u011bti a \u010dele\u010f, vzpom\u00ednejte, \u017ee po sedm set let (ne-li v\u00edce) zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto lidov\u00e9 poml\u00e1zky po dom\u00e1cnostech \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch v \u00faprav\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed ji\u017e zkomolen\u00e9, nap\u0159.: Pomni hody na provody, dejte \u010derven\u00fd vejce, ned\u00e1te-li \u010derven\u00fd, dejte aspo\u0148 b\u00edl\u00fd, slepi\u010dka v\u00e1m snese jin\u00fd, za kamny v koutku, na zelen\u00e9m proutku, slepi\u010dka se popel\u00ed, vaj\u00ed\u010dko se kotal\u00ed; slepi\u010dka kd\u00e1\u010de, pajm\u00e1mo, poneste kol\u00e1\u010de! <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zp\u011bt na str\u00e1nku Historie p\u0159evzato z \u010dasopisu \u010cesk\u00fd lid, ro\u010dn\u00edk XXX, l\u00e9ta p\u00e1n\u011b 1930 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav lidov\u00e9 kultury Zdena Hochov\u00e1-Bro\u017e\u00edkov\u00e1: \u201ePomni hody na provody, \u017ee\u0165 js\u00fa svat\u00e9 dni“ Op\u011bt velikono\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zka! Co je poml\u00e1zka? Od starod\u00e1vna naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tak lid \u010desk\u00fd jarn\u00ed j\u00edvov\u00e9, vrbov\u00e9 a l\u00edskov\u00e9 pruty spleten\u00e9 a vyzdoben\u00e9 \u010derven\u00fdmi, b\u00edl\u00fdmi a modr\u00fdmi stu\u017ekami, na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2192,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2583","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2583"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2583\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/vlastovka.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}